The London Blitz began on September 7, 1940, and
continued for eight months. The networks had
reporters and facilities in place to give their
listeners spot coverage of the daily bombings and
dogfights over the city. Both CBS and NBC’s London
bureaus were destroyed by German bombs on April 16,
1941 but their coverage continued without
interruption.
Network Radio was a necessity for news in over 80%
of the country’s homes. The number of rated and
ranked news and commentary programs jumped from
three to 13. Seven of the eleven highest rated
Multiple Run programs were newscasts.
Lowell Thomas’ Monday through Friday newscasts
appeared in all five weeknights’ Top Ten lists.
Thomas produced Blue’s second highest rated program
for the season behind Walter Winchell’s
Jergens Journal on Sunday nights.
Despite the impending war things
couldn’t have been better for the radio industry.
Total 1940 revenues flew past $200 Million, up 30%
from the 1938 slowdown. The networks kept pace,
accounting for over $100 Million in billings - a 27%
increase in the same two year period ... Hundreds of
stations were ordered to shift frequencies to comply
with the Interference Provisions of the North
American Radio Agreement in March, 1941. To
some stations the shift required major capital
investments in equipment but the industry took it in
stride. There was plenty of money coming in to
cover the cost of doing business.
Just a month
after the upheaval of frequencies, FCC Chairman
James Fly issued the commission’s 150 page
Report on Chain Broadcasting on May 3,
1941. The networks knew it was coming - but they
didn’t realize how far the once passive FCC would go
to placate an administration and Congress which were
convinced that the networks were just too successful
to be legal ... Fly spoke for his four member FCC
majority and called the report a “Magna
Carta for American broadcasting stations.”
Broadcasters had different descriptions for it. NAB
President Neville Miller called it, “A
usurpation of power that has no justification in law.”
One
provision was aimed squarely at NBC’s ownership of
two networks - the Red Network of 74 stations and
the Blue chain of 92 affiliates. The FCC imposed
its “trust-busting” ruling through its power to
license individual stations. It decreed that no
license would be given or renewed to any station
affiliated with a network that simultaneously
operated two networks. The language was awkward but
its message was clear: NBC had to dump one of its
two networks to stay in business.
Broadcasters were also involved in another fight -
this one over music and money. Broadcast Music Inc.,
created by the industry a year earlier as an
alternative to ASCAP and its proposed hike in music
fees, had built a catalog of 20,000 songs by
September. BMI music was being recorded, played on
radio and accepted by the public. When
the networks’ ASCAP licenses expired on New Years
Eve, 1940, BMI’s catalog numbered nearly 50,000
titles ... Radio’s boycott of ASCAP music began on
January 1, 1941, and was hardly noticed.
Some local stations signed with ASCAP for the programming
advantage its music provided, but the networks hung
tough for five months ... ASCAP was losing
tens of thousands of dollars every day while the
boycott lasted. The Society’s loss had reached $2.0
Million in May when Mutual and ASCAP agreed to a new
ten year contract calling for an annual blanket fee
of only three percent of network revenues -
two percent less than the previous
rate. NBC and CBS took their time and completed the
season offering nothing but BMI and public domain
music, saving millions in ASCAP royalties.
Jack Benny’s
repeat with the season’s Number One program led a
pack of five shows in the Annual Top 15 that were
sponsored by General Foods - a remarkable record
that would never be duplicated in Network Radio ...
NBC threw a black tie gala at Hollywood’s Biltmore
Hotel for 800 invited guests celebrating Benny's
first ten years in Network Radio. He also
secured an option on his NBC contract which gave him
ownership of his program and the right to sell it to
the highest bidding sponsor, which he did a few
years later - to American Tobacco's Lucky Strike
cigarettes.
Fibber McGee & Molly
turned in Tuesday’s most popular program for the
third consecutive season and continued the show’s
climb up the Annual Top Five to Number Two behind
Jack Benny. The NBC sitcom was destined to finish
in second place for a record nine seasons.
NBC had seven of the season's Top Ten shows, (four
of the Top Five), nevertheless CBS controlled 24 of
the 1940-41 Top 50 and NBC followed with 22.
Blue was down to four led by Walter Winchell's
Top Ten finish.
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